# Vim documentation: motion

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    *motion.txt*    For Vim version 6.0aq.  Last change: 2001 Jul 30

    		  VIM REFERENCE MANUAL    by Bram Moolenaar

    Cursor motions					*cursor-motions* *navigation*

    These commands move the cursor position.  If the new position is off of the
    screen, the screen is scrolled to show the cursor (see also 'scrolljump' and
    'scrolloff' options).

    1. Motions and operators	|operator|
    2. Left-right motions		|left-right-motions|
    3. Up-down motions		|up-down-motions|
    4. Word motions			|word-motions|
    5. Text object motions		|object-motions|
    6. Text object selection	|object-select|
    7. Marks			|mark-motions|
    8. Jumps			|jump-motions|
    9. Various motions		|various-motions|

    General remarks:

    If you want to know where you are in the file use the "CTRL-G" command
    |CTRL-G| or the "g CTRL-G" command |g_CTRL-G|.  If you set the 'ruler' option,
    the cursor position is continuously shown in the status line (which slows down
    Vim a little).

    Experienced users prefer the hjkl keys because they are always right under
    their fingers.  Beginners often prefer the arrow keys, because they do not
    know what the hjkl keys do.  The mnemonic value of hjkl is clear from looking
    at the keyboard.  Think of j as an arrow pointing downwards.

    The 'virtualedit' option can be set to make it possible to move the cursor to
    positions where there is no character or halfway a character.

    ==============================================================================

    1. Motions and operators				*operator*

    The motion commands can be used after an operator command, to have the command
    operate on the text that was moved over.  That is the text between the cursor
    position before and after the motion.  Operators are generally used to delete
    or change text.  The following operators are available:

    	|c|	c	change
    	|d|	d	delete
    	|y|	y	yank into register (does not change the text)
    	|~|	~	swap case (only if 'tildeop' is set)
    	|g~|	g~	swap case
    	|gu|	gu	make lowercase
    	|gU|	gU	make uppercase
    	|!|	!	filter through an external program
    	|=|	=	filter through 'equalprg' or C-indenting if empty
    	|gq|	gq	text formatting
    	|g?|	g?	ROT13 encoding
    	|>|	>	shift right
    	|<|	<	shift left
    	|zf|	zf	define a fold

    If the motion includes a count and the operator also had a count before it,
    the two counts are multiplied.  For example: "2d3w" deletes six words.

    After applying the operator the cursor is mostly left at the start of the text
    that was operated upon.  For example, "yfe" doesn't move the cursor, but "yFe"
    moves the cursor leftwards to the "e" where the yank started.

    						*linewise* *characterwise*
    The operator either affects whole lines, or the characters between the start
    and end position.  Generally, motions that move between lines affect lines
    (are linewise), and motions that move within a line affect characters (are
    characterwise).  However, there are some exceptions.

    						*exclusive* *inclusive*
    A character motion is either inclusive or exclusive. When inclusive, the start
    and end position of the motion are included in the operation.  When exclusive,
    the last character towards the end of the buffer is not included.  Linewise
    motions always include the start and end position.

    Which motions are linewise, inclusive or exclusive is mentioned below.  There
    are however, two general exceptions:
    1. If the motion is exclusive and the end of the motion is in column 1, the
       end of the motion is moved to the end of the previous line and the motion
       becomes inclusive.  Example: "}" moves to the first line after a paragraph,
       but "d}" will not include that line.
    2. If the motion is exclusive, the end of the motion is in column 1 and the
       start of the motion was at or before the first non-blank in the line, the
       motion becomes linewise.  Example: If a paragraph begins with some blanks
       and you do "d}" while standing on the first non-blank, all the lines of
       the paragraph are deleted, including the blanks.  If you do a put now, the
       deleted lines will be inserted below the cursor position.

    Note that when the operator is pending (the operator command is typed, but the
    motion isn't yet), a special set of mappings can be used.  See |:omap|.

    Instead of first giving the operator and then a motion you can use Visual
    mode: mark the start of the text with "v", move the cursor to the end of the
    text that is to be affected and then hit the operator.  The text between the
    start and the cursor position is highlighted, so you can see what text will
    be operated upon.  This allows much more freedom, but requires more key
    strokes and has limited redo functionality.  See the chapter on Visual mode
    |Visual-mode|.

    Forcing a motion to be linewise, characterwise or blockwise

    When a motion is not of the type you would like to use, you can force another
    type by using "v", "V" or CTRL-V just after the operator.
    Example:
    	dj
    deletes two lines
    	dvj
    deletes from the cursor position until the character below the cursor
    	d<C-V>j
    deletes the character under the cursor and the character below the cursor.

    Be careful with forcing a linewise movement to be used characterwise or
    blockwise, the column may not always be defined.

    							*o_v*
    v		When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force
    		the operator to work characterwise, also when the motion is
    		linewise.  If the motion was linewise, it will become
    		|exclusive|.

    							*o_V*
    V		When used after an operator, before the motion command: Force
    		the operator to work linewise, also when the motion is
    		characterwise.

    							*o_CTRL-V*
    CTRL-V		When used after an operator, before the motion commmand: Force
    		the operator to work blockwise.  This works like Visual block
    		mode selection, with the corners defined by the cursor
    		position before and after the motion.

    ==============================================================================

    2. Left-right motions					*left-right-motions*

    h		or					*h*

    <Left>		or					*<Left>*

    CTRL-H		or					*CTRL-H* *<BS>*
    <BS>			[count] characters to the left.  |exclusive| motion.
    			Note: If you prefer <BS> to delete a character, use
    			the mapping:
    				:map CTRL-V<BS>		X
    			(to enter "CTRL-V<BS>" type the CTRL-V key, followed
    			by the <BS> key)
    			See |:fixdel| if the <BS> key does not do what you
    			want.

    l		or					*l*

    <Right>		or					*<Right>* *<Space>*
    <Space>			[count] characters to the right.  |exclusive| motion.

    							*0*
    0			To the first character of the line.  |exclusive|
    			motion.  When moving up or down, stay in same screen
    			column (if possible).

    							*<Home>* *<kHome>*
    <Home>			To the first character of the line.  |exclusive|
    			motion.  When moving up or down, stay in same text
    			column (if possible).  Works like "1|", which differs
    			from "0" when the line starts with a <Tab>.  {not in
    			Vi}

    							*^*
    ^			To the first non-blank character of the line.
    			|exclusive| motion.

    							*$* *<End>* *<kEnd>*
    $  or <End>		To the end of the line and [count - 1] lines downward
    			(inclusive).  When 'virtualedit' is active, "$" may
    			move the cursor back from past the end of the line to
    			the last character in the line.

    							*g_*
    g_			To the last non-blank character of the line and
    			[count - 1] lines downward (inclusive). {not in Vi}

    							*g0* *g<Home>*
    g0 or g<Home>		When lines wrap ('wrap on): To the first character of
    			the screen line.  |exclusive| motion.  Differs from
    			"0" when a line is wider than the screen.
    			When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost
    			character of the current line that is on the screen.
    			Differs from "0" when the first character of the line
    			is not on the screen.  {not in Vi}

    							*g^*
    g^			When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the first non-blank
    			character of the screen line.  |exclusive| motion.
    			Differs from "^" when a line is wider than the screen.
    			When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the leftmost
    			non-blank character of the current line that is on the
    			screen.  Differs from "^" when the first non-blank
    			character of the line is not on the screen.  {not in
    			Vi}

    							*gm*
    gm			Like "g0", but half a screenwidth to the right (or as
    			much as possible). {not in Vi}

    							*g$* *g<End>*
    g$ or g<End>		When lines wrap ('wrap' on): To the last character of
    			the screen line and [count - 1] screen lines downward
    			(inclusive).  Differs from "$" when a line is wider
    			than the screen.
    			When lines don't wrap ('wrap' off): To the rightmost
    			character of the current line that is visible on the
    			screen.  Differs from "$" when the last character of
    			the line is not on the screen or when a count is used.
    			{not in Vi}

    							*bar*
    |			To screen column [count] in the current line.
    			|exclusive| motion.

    							*f*
    f{char}			To [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the right.  The
    			cursor is placed on {char} (inclusive).
    			{char} can be entered as a digraph |digraph-arg|.
    			When 'encoding' is set to Unicode, composing
    			characters may be used, see |utf-8-char-arg|.
    			|:lmap| mappings apply to {char}.  The CTRL-^ command
    			in Insert mode can be used to switch this on/off
    			|i_CTRL-^|.

    							*F*
    F{char}			To the [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the left.
    			The cursor is placed on {char} (inclusive).
    			{char} can be entered like with the |f| command.

    							*t*
    t{char}			Till before [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the
    			right.  The cursor is placed on the character left of
    			{char} (inclusive).
    			{char} can be entered like with the |f| command.

    							*T*
    T{char}			Till after [count]'th occurrence of {char} to the
    			left.  The cursor is placed on the character right of
    			{char} (inclusive).
    			{char} can be entered like with the |f| command.

    							*;*
    ;			Repeat latest f, t, F or T [count] times.

    							*,*
    ,			Repeat latest f, t, F or T in opposite direction
    			[count] times.

    These commands move the cursor to the specified column in the current line.
    They stop at the first column and at the end of the line, except "$", which
    may move to one of the next lines.  See 'whichwrap' option to make some of the
    commands move across line boundaries.

    ==============================================================================

    3. Up-down motions					*up-down-motions*

    k		or					*k*

    <Up>		or					*<Up>* *CTRL-P*
    CTRL-P			[count] lines upward (linewise).

    j		or					*j*

    <Down>		or					*<Down>*

    CTRL-J		or					*CTRL-J*

    <NL>		or					*<NL>* *CTRL-N*
    CTRL-N			[count] lines downward (linewise).

    gk		or					*gk* *g<Up>*
    g<Up>			[count] display lines upward.  |exclusive| motion.
    			Differs from 'k' when lines wrap, and when used with
    			an operator, because it's not linewise.  {not in Vi}

    gj		or					*gj* *g<Down>*
    g<Down>			[count] display lines downward.  |exclusive| motion.
    			Differs from 'j' when lines wrap, and when used with
    			an operator, because it's not linewise.  {not in Vi}

    							*-*
    -  <minus>		[count] lines upward, on the first non-blank
    			character (linewise).

    +		or					*+*

    CTRL-M		or					*CTRL-M* *<CR>*
    <CR>			[count] lines downward, on the first non-blank
    			character (linewise).

    							*_*
    _  <underscore>		[count] - 1 lines downward, on the first non-blank
    			character (linewise).

    <C-End>		or					*G* *<C-End>*
    G			Goto line [count], default last line, on the first
    			non-blank character (linewise).  If 'startofline' not
    			set, keep the same column.

    <C-Home>	or					*gg* *<C-Home>*
    gg			Goto line [count], default first line, on the first
    			non-blank character (linewise).  If 'startofline' not
    			set, keep the same column.

    :[range]		Set the cursor on the specified line number.  If
    			there are several numbers, the last one is used.

    							*N%*
    {count}%		Go to {count} percentage in the file, on the first
    			non-blank in the line (linewise).  To compute the new
    			line number this formula is used:
    			    ({count} * number-of-lines + 99) / 100
    			See also 'startofline' option.  {not in Vi}

    :[range]go[to] [count]					*:go* *:goto* *go*
    [count]go		Go to {count} byte in the buffer.  Default [count] is
    			zero, start of the file.  When giving [range], the
    			last number in it used.  End-of-line characters are
    			counted depending on the current 'fileformat' setting.
    			{not in Vi}
    			{not available when compiled without the
    			|+byte_offset| feature}

    These commands move to the specified line.  They stop when reaching the first
    or the last line.  The first two commands put the cursor in the same column
    (if possible) as it was after the last command that changed the column,
    except after the "$" command, then the cursor will be put on the last
    character of the line.

    ==============================================================================

    4. Word motions						*word-motions*

    <S-Right>	or					*<S-Right>* *w*
    w			[count] words forward.  |exclusive| motion.

    <C-Right>	or					*<C-Right>* *W*
    W			[count] WORDS forward.  |exclusive| motion.

    							*e*
    e			Forward to the end of word [count] (inclusive).

    							*E*
    E			Forward to the end of WORD [count] (inclusive).

    <S-Left>	or					*<S-Left>* *b*
    b			[count] words backward.  |exclusive| motion.

    <C-Left>	or					*<C-Left>* *B*
    B			[count] WORDS backward.  |exclusive| motion.

    							*ge*
    ge			Backward to the end of word [count] (inclusive).

    							*gE*
    gE			Backward to the end of WORD [count] (inclusive).

    These commands move over words or WORDS.

    							*word*
    A word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores, or a
    sequence of other non-blank characters, separated with white space (spaces,
    tabs, <EOL>).  This can be changed with the 'iskeyword' option.

    							*WORD*
    A WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white
    space.  An empty line is also considered to be a word and a WORD.

    A sequence of folded lines is counted for one word of a single character.
    "w" and "W", "e" and "E" move to the start/end of the first word or WORD after
    a range of folded lines.  "b" and "B" move to the start of the first word or
    WORD before the fold.

    Special case: "cw" and "cW" are treated like "ce" and "cE" if the cursor is
    on a non-blank.  This is because "cw" is interpreted as change-word, and a
    word does not include the following white space.  {Vi: "cw" when on a blank
    followed by other blanks changes only the first blank; this is probably a
    bug, because "dw" deletes all the blanks}

    Another special case: When using the "w" motion in combination with an
    operator and the last word moved over is at the end of a line, the end of
    that word becomes the end of the operated text, not the first word in the
    next line.

    The original Vi implementation of "e" is buggy.  For example, the "e" command
    will stop on the first character of a line if the previous line was empty.
    But when you use "2e" this does not happen.  In Vim "ee" and "2e" are the
    same, which is more logical.  However, this causes a small incompatibility
    between Vi and Vim.

    ==============================================================================

    5. Text object motions					*object-motions*

    							*(*
    (			[count] sentences backward.  |exclusive| motion.

    							*)*
    )			[count] sentences forward.  |exclusive| motion.

    							*{*
    {			[count] paragraphs backward.  |exclusive| motion.

    							*}*
    }			[count] paragraphs forward.  |exclusive| motion.

    							*]]*
    ]]			[count] sections forward or to the next '{' in the
    			first column.  When used after an operator, then the
    			'}' in the first column.  (linewise).

    							*][*
    ][			[count] sections forward or to the next '}' in the
    			first column (linewise).

    							*[[*
    [[			[count] sections backward or to the previous '{' in
    			the first column (linewise).

    							*[]*
    []			[count] sections backward or to the previous '}' in
    			the first column (linewise).

    These commands move over three kinds of text objects.

    							*sentence*
    A sentence is defined as ending at a '.', '!' or '?' followed by either the
    end of a line, or by a space or tab.  Any number of closing ')', ']', '"''
    and ''' characters my appear after the '.', '!' or '?' before the spaces,
    tabs or end of line.  A paragraph and section boundary is also a sentence
    boundary.
    If the 'J' flag is present is 'cpoptions', at least two spaces have to
    follow the punctuation mark; <Tab>s are not recognized as white space.
    The definition of a sentence cannot be changed.

    							*paragraph*
    A paragraph begins after each empty line, and also at each of a set of
    paragraph macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the 'paragraphs'
    option.  The default is "IPLPPPQPP LIpplpipbp", which corresponds to the
    macros ".IP", ".LP", etc.  (These are nroff macros, so the dot must be in the
    first column).  A section boundary is also a paragraph boundary.  Note that
    this does not include a '{' or '}' in the first column.  Also note that a
    blank line (only containing white space) is NOT a paragraph boundary.

    							*section*
    A section begins after a form-feed (<C-L>) in the first column and at each of
    a set of section macros, specified by the pairs of characters in the
    'sections' option.  The default is "SHNHH HUnhsh", which defines a section to
    start at the nroff macros ".SH", ".NH", ".H", ".HU", ".nh" and ".sh".

    The "]" and "[" commands stop at the '{' or '}' in the first column.  This is
    useful to find the start or end of a function in a C program.  Note that the
    first character of the command determines the search direction and the
    second character the type of brace found.

    If your '{' or '}' are not in the first column, and you would like to use "[["
    and "]]" anyway, try these mappings:
       :map [[ ?{<CR>w99[{
       :map ][ /}<CR>b99]}
       :map ]] j0[[%/{<CR>
       :map [] k$][%?}<CR>
    [type these literally, see |<>|]

    ==============================================================================

    6. Text object selection			*object-select* *text-objects*

    						*v_a* *v_i*

    This is a series of commands that can only be used while in Visual mode or
    after an operator.  The commands that start with "a" select "a"n object
    including white space, the commands starting with "i" select an "inner" object
    without white space, or just the white space.  Thus the "inner" commands
    always select less text than the "a" commands.

    These commands are {not in Vi}.
    These commands are not available when the |+textobjects| feature has been
    disabled at compile time.

    							*v_aw* *aw*
    aw			"a word", select [count] words (see |word|).
    			Leading or trailing white space is included, but not
    			counted.

    							*v_iw* *iw*
    iw			"inner word", select [count] words (see |word|).
    			White space between words is counted too.

    							*v_aW* *aW*
    aW			"a WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|).
    			Leading or trailing white space is included, but not
    			counted.

    							*v_iW* *iW*
    iW			"inner WORD", select [count] WORDs (see |WORD|).
    			White space between words is counted too.

    							*v_as* *as*
    as			"a sentence", select [count] sentences (see
    			|sentence|).

    							*v_is* *is*
    is			"inner sentence", select [count] sentences (see
    			|sentence|).

    							*v_ap* *ap*
    ap			"a paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see
    			|paragraph|).

    							*v_ip* *ip*
    ip			"inner paragraph", select [count] paragraphs (see
    			|paragraph|).

    a]						*v_a]* *v_a[* *a]* *a[*
    a[			"a [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks.  This
    			goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds
    			the matching ']'.  The enclosed text is selected,
    			including the '[' and ']'.

    i]						*v_i]* *v_i[* *i]* *i[*
    i[			"inner [] block", select [count] '[' ']' blocks.  This
    			goes backwards to the [count] unclosed '[', and finds
    			the matching ']'.  The enclosed text is selected,
    			excluding the '[' and ']'.

    a)							*v_a)* *a)* *a(*

    a(							*v_ab* *v_a(* *ab*
    ab			"a block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [(" to
    			the matching ')', including the '(' and ')' (see
    			|[(|).

    i)							*v_i)* *i)* *i(*

    i(							*v_ib* *v_i(* *ib*
    ib			"inner block", select [count] blocks, from "[count] [("
    			to the matching ')', excluding the '(' and ')' (see
    			|[(|).

    a>						*v_a>* *v_a<* *a>* *a<*
    a<			"a <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from the
    			[count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching
    			'>', including the '<' and '>'.

    i>						*v_i>* *v_i<* *i>* *i<*
    i<			"inner <> block", select [count] <> blocks, from
    			the [count]'th unmatched '<' backwards to the matching
    			'>', excluding the '<' and '>'.

    a}							*v_a}* *a}* *a{*

    a{							*v_aB* *v_a{* *aB*
    aB			"a Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{" to
    			the matching '}', including the '{' and '}' (see
    			|[{|).

    i}							*v_i}* *i}* *i{*

    i{							*v_iB* *v_i{* *iB*
    iB			"inner Block", select [count] Blocks, from "[count] [{"
    			to the matching '}', excluding the '{' and '}' (see
    			|[{|).

    When used after an operator:
    For non-block objects:
    	For the "a" commands: The operator applies to the object and the white
    	space after the object.  If there is no white space after the object
    	or when the cursor was in the white space before the object, the white
    	space before the object is included.
    	For the "inner" commands: If the cursor was on the object, the
    	operator applies to the object.  If the cursor was on white space, the
    	operator applies to the white space.
    For a block object:
    	The operator applies to the block where the cursor is in, or the block
    	on which the cursor is on one of the braces.  For the "inner" commands
    	the surrounding braces are excluded.  For the "a" commands, the braces
    	are included.

    When used in Visual mode:
    When start and end of the Visual area are the same (just after typing "v"):
    	One object is selected, the same as for using an operator.
    When start and end of the Visual area are not the same:
    	For non-block objects the area is extended by one object or the white
    	space up to the next object, or both for the "a" objects.  The
    	direction in which this happens depends on which side of the Visual
    	area the cursor is.  For the block objects the block is extended one
    	level outwards.

    For illustration, here is a list of delete commands, grouped from small to big
    objects.  Note that for a single character and a whole line the existing vi
    movement commands are used.
    	"dl"	delete character (alias: "x")		|dl|

    	"diw"	delete inner word			*diw*

    	"daw"	delete a word				*daw*

    	"diW"	delete inner WORD (see |WORD|)		*diW*

    	"daW"	delete a WORD (see |WORD|)		*daW*
    	"dd"	delete one line				|dd|

    	"dis"	delete inner sentence			*dis*

    	"das"	delete a sentence			*das*

    	"dib"	delete inner '(' ')' block		*dib*

    	"dab"	delete a '(' ')' block			*dab*

    	"dip"	delete inner paragraph			*dip*

    	"dap"	delete a paragraph			*dap*

    	"diB"	delete inner '{' '}' block		*diB*

    	"daB"	delete a '{' '}' block			*daB*

    Note the difference between using a movement command and an object.  The
    movement command operates from here (cursor position) to where the movement
    takes us.  When using an object the whole object is operated upon, no matter
    where on the object the cursor is.  For example, compare "dw" and "da": "dw"
    deletes from the cursor position to the start of the next word, "da" deletes
    the word under the cursor and the space after or before it.

    ==============================================================================

    7. Marks					*mark-motions* *E20* *E78*

    Jumping to a mark can be done in two ways:
    1. With ` (backtick):	  The cursor is positioned at the specified location
    			  and the motion is |exclusive|.
    2. With '' (single quote): The cursor is positioned on the first non-blank
    			  character in the line of the specified location and
    			  the motion is linewise.

    						*m* *mark* *Mark*
    m{a-zA-Z}		Set mark {a-zA-Z} at cursor position (does not move
    			the cursor, this is not a motion command).

    m'  or  m`		Set the previous context mark.  This can be jumped to
    			with the "''"' or "``" command (does not move the
    			cursor, this is not a motion command).

    						*:ma* *:mark* *E191*
    :[range]ma[rk] {a-zA-Z}	Set mark {a-zA-Z} at last line number in [range],
    			column 0.  Default is cursor line.

    						*:k*
    :[range]k{a-zA-Z}	Same as :mark, but the space before the mark name can
    			be omitted.

    						*'* *'a* *`* *`a*
    '{a-z}  `{a-z}		Jump to the mark {a-z}.

    						*'A* *'0* *`A* *`0*
    '{A-Z0-9}  `{A-Z0-9}	To the mark {A-Z0-9} in the correct file (not a motion
    			command when in another file).  {not in Vi}

    						*g'* *g'a* *g`* *g`a*
    g'{mark}  g`{mark}
    			Jump to the {mark}, but don't change the jumplist when
    			jumping within the current buffer.  Example:
    				g`"
     			jumps to the last known position in a file.  See
    			$VIMRUNTIME/vimrc_example.vim.  {not in Vi}

    						*:marks*
    :marks			List all the current marks (not a motion command).
    			The |'(|, |')|, |'{| and |'}| marks are not listed.
    			{not in Vi}

    						*E283*
    :marks {arg}		List the marks that are mentioned in {arg} (not a
    			motion command).  For example:
    				:marks aB
     			to list marks 'a' and 'B'.  {not in Vi}

    A mark is not visible in any way.  It is just a position in the file that is
    remembered.  Do not confuse marks with named registers, they are totally
    unrelated.

    'a - 'z		lowercase marks, valid within one file
    'A - 'Z		uppercase marks, also called file marks, valid between files
    '0 - '9		numbered marks, set from .viminfo file

    Lowercase marks 'a to 'z are remembered as long as the file remains in the
    buffer list.  If you remove the file from the buffer list, all its marks are
    lost.  If you delete a line that contains a mark, that mark is erased.
    Lowercase marks can be used in combination with operators.  For example: "d't"
    deletes the lines from the cursor position to mark 't'.  Hint: Use mark 't' for
    Top, 'b' for Bottom, etc..  Lowercase marks are restored when using undo and
    redo.

    Uppercase marks 'A to 'Z include the file name.  {Vi: no uppercase marks} You
    can use them to jump from file to file.  You can only use an uppercase mark
    with an operator if the mark is in the current file.  The line number of the
    mark remains correct, even if you insert/delete lines or edit another file for
    a moment.  When the 'viminfo' option is not empty, uppercase marks are kept in
    the .viminfo file.  See |viminfo-file-marks|.

    Numbered marks '0 to '9 are quite different.  They can not be set directly.
    They are only present when using a viminfo file |viminfo-file|.  Basically '0
    is the location of the cursor when you last exited Vim, '1 the last but one
    time, etc.  See |viminfo-file-marks|.

    							*'[* *`[*
    '[  `[			To the first character of the previously changed
    			or yanked text.  {not in Vi}

    							*']* *`]*
    ']  `]			To the last character of the previously changed or
    			yanked text.  {not in Vi}

    After executing an operator the Cursor is put at the beginning of the text
    that was operated upon.  After a put command ("p" or "P") the cursor is
    sometimes placed at the first inserted line and sometimes on the last inserted
    character.  The four commands above put the cursor at either end.  Example:
    After yanking 10 lines you want to go to the last one of them: "10Y']".  After
    inserting several lines with the "p" command you want to jump to the lowest
    inserted line: "p']".  This also works for text that has been inserted.

    Note: After deleting text, the start and end positions are the same, except
    when using blockwise Visual mode.  These commands do not work when no change
    was made yet in the current file.

    							*'<* *`<*
    '<  `<			To the first character of the last selected Visual
    			area in the current buffer.  {not in Vi}.

    							*'>* *`>*
    '>  `>			To the last character of the last selected Visual
    			area in the current buffer.  {not in Vi}.

    							*''* *``*
    ''  ``			To the position before latest jump, or where the last
    			"m'"' or "m`" command was given.
    			Also see |restore-position|.

    							*'quote* *`quote*
    '"'  `"			To the cursor position when last exiting the current
    			buffer.  Defaults to the first character of the first
    			line.  See |last-position-jump| for how to use this
    			for each opened file.
    			Only one position is remembered per buffer, not one
    			for each window.  As long as the buffer is visible in
    			a window the position won't be changed.
    			{not in Vi}.

    							*'^* *`^*
    '^  `^			To the position where the cursor was the last time
    			when Insert mode was stopped  This is used by the |gi|
    			command.  {not in Vi}

    							*'.* *`.*
    '.  `.			To the position where the last change was made.  The
    			position is at or near where the change started.
    			Sometimes a command is executed as several changes,
    			then the position can be near the end of what the
    			command changed.  For example when inserting a word,
    			the position will be on the last character.
    			{not in Vi}

    							*'(* *`(*
    '(  `(			To the start of the current paragraph, like the |(|
    			command.  {not in Vi}

    							*')* *`)*
    ')  `)			To the end of the current sentence, like the |)|
    			command.  {not in Vi}

    							*'{* *`{*
    '{  `{			To the start of the current paragraph, like the |{|
    			command.  {not in Vi}

    							*'}* *`}*
    '}  `}			To the end of the current paragraph, like the |}|
    			command.  {not in Vi}

    These commands are not marks themselves, but jump to a mark:

    							*]'*
    ]'			[count] times to next line with a lowercase mark below
    			the cursor, on the first non-blank character in the
    			line. {not in Vi}

    							*]`*
    ]`			[count] times to lowercase mark after the cursor. {not
    			in Vi}

    							*['*
    ['			[count] times to previous line with a lowercase mark
    			before the cursor, on the first non-blank character in
    			the line. {not in Vi}

    							*[`*
    [`			[count] times to lowercase mark before the cursor.
    			{not in Vi}

    ==============================================================================

    8. Jumps					*jump-motions*

    A "jump" is one of the following commands: "'"', "`", "G", "/", "?", "n",
    "N", "%", "(", ")", "[[", "]]", "{", "}", ":s", ":tag", "L", "M", "H" and
    the commands that start editing a new file.  If you make the cursor "jump"
    with one of these commands, the position of the cursor before the jump is
    remembered.  You can return to that position with the "''"' and "``" command,
    unless the line containing that position was changed or deleted.

    							*CTRL-O*
    CTRL-O			Go to [count] Older cursor position in jump list
    			(not a motion command).  {not in Vi}
    			{not available without the +jumplist feature}

    <Tab>		or					*CTRL-I* *<Tab>*
    CTRL-I			Go to [count] newer cursor position in jump list
    			(not a motion command).
    			In a |quickfix-window| it takes you to the position of
    			the error under the cursor.
    			{not in Vi}
    			{not available without the +jumplist feature}

    							*:ju* *:jumps*
    :ju[mps]		Print the jump list (not a motion command).  {not in
    			Vi} {not available without the +jumplist feature}

    							*jumplist*
    Jumps are remembered in a jump list.  With the CTRL-O and CTRL-I command you
    can go to cursor positions before older jumps, and back again.  Thus you can
    move up and down the list.  There is a separate jump list for each window.
    The maximum number of entries is fixed at 100.
    {not available without the +jumplist feature}

    For example, after three jump commands you have this jump list:

      jump line  file/line
        3	  1  some text
        2	 70  another line
        1  1154  end.
     >

    The "file/line" column shows the file name, or the text at the jump if it is
    in the current file (an indent is removed and a long line is truncated to fit
    in the window).

    You are currently in line 1167.  If you then use the CTRL-O command, the
    cursor is put in line 1154.  This results in:

      jump line  file/line
        2	  1  some text
        1	 70  another line
     >  0  1154  end.
        1  1167  foo bar

    The pointer will be set at the last used jump position.  The next CTRL-O
    command will use the entry above it, the next CTRL-I command will use the
    entry below it.  If the pointer is below the last entry, this indicates that
    you did not use a CTRL-I or CTRL-O before.  In this case the CTRL-O command
    will cause the cursor position to be added to the jump list, so you can get
    back to the position before the CTRL-O.  In this case this is line 1167.

    With more CTRL-O commands you will go to lines 70 and 1.  If you use CTRL-I
    you can go back to 1154 and 1167 again.  Note that the number in the "jump"
    column indicates the count for the CTRL-O or CTRL-I command that takes you to
    this position.

    If you use a jump command, the current line number is inserted at the end of
    the jump list.  If the same line was already in the jump list, it is removed.
    The result is that when repeating CTRL-O you will get back to old positions
    only once.

    After the CTRL-O command that got you into line 1154 you could give another
    jump command (e.g., "G").  The jump list would then become:

      jump line  file/line
        4	  1  some text
        3	 70  another line
        2  1167  foo bar
        1  1154  end.
     >

    The line numbers will be adjusted for deleted and inserted lines.  This fails
    if you stop editing a file without writing, like with ":n!".

    When you split a window, the jumplist will be copied to the new window.

    If you have included the '' item in the 'viminfo' option the jumplist will be
    stored in the viminfo file and restored when starting Vim.

    ==============================================================================

    9. Various motions				*various-motions*

    							*%*
    %			Find the next item in this line after or under the
    			cursor and jump to its match (inclusive).  Items can
    			be:
    			([{}])		parenthesis or (curly/square) brackets
    					(this can be changed with the
    					'matchpairs' option)
    			/* */		start or end of C-style comment
    			#if, #ifdef, #else, #elif, #endif
    					C preprocessor conditionals
    			Parens and braces preceded with a backslash are
    			ignored.  When the '%' character is not present in
    			'cpoptions', parens and braces inside double quotes
    			are ignored, unless the number of parens/braces in a
    			line is uneven and this line and the previous one does
    			not end in a backslash.  '(', '{', '[', ']', '}' and
    			')' are also ignored (parens and braces inside single
    			quotes).  Note that this works fine for C, but not for
    			Perl, where single quotes are used for strings.
    			No count is allowed ({count}% jumps to a line {count}
    			percentage down the file |N%|).  Using '%' on
    			#if/#else/#endif makes the movement linewise.

    						*[(*
    [(			go to [count] previous unmatched '('.  {not in Vi}

    						*[{*
    [{			go to [count] previous unmatched '{'.  {not in Vi}

    						*])*
    ])			go to [count] next unmatched ')'.  {not in Vi}

    						*]}*
    ]}			go to [count] next unmatched '}'.  {not in Vi}

    The above four commands can be used to go to the start or end of the current
    code block.  It is like doing "%" on the '(', ')', '{' or '}' at the other
    end of the code block, but you can do this from anywhere in the code block.
    Very useful for C programs.  Example: When standing on "case x:", "[{" will
    bring you back to the switch statement.

    						*]m*
    ]m			Go to [count] next start of a method (for Java or
    			similar structured language).  When not before the
    			start of a method, jump to the start or end of the
    			class.  When no '{' is found after the cursor, this is
    			an error.  {not in Vi}

    						*]M*
    ]M			Go to [count] next end of a method (for Java or
    			similar structured language).  When not before the end
    			of a method, jump to the start or end of the class.
    			When no '}' is found after the cursor, this is an
    			error. {not in Vi}

    						*[m*
    [m			Go to [count] previous start of a method (for Java or
    			similar structured language).  When not after the
    			start of a method, jump to the start or end of the
    			class.  When no '{' is found before the cursor this is
    			an error. {not in Vi}

    						*[M*
    [M			Go to [count] previous end of a method (for Java or
    			similar structured language).  When not after the
    			end of a method, jump to the start or end of the
    			class.  When no '}' is found before the cursor this is
    			an error. {not in Vi}

    The above two commands assume that the file contains a class with methods.
    The class definition is surrounded in '{' and '}'.  Each method in the class
    is also surrounded with '{' and '}'.  This applies to the Java language.  The
    file looks like this:

    	// comment
    	class foo {
    		int method_one() {
    			body_one();
    		}
    		int method_two() {
    			body_two();
    		}
    	}
    Starting with the cursor on "body_two()", using "[m" will jump to the '{' at
    the start of "method_two()" (obviously this is much more useful when the
    method is long!).  Using "2[m" will jump to the start of "method_one()".
    Using "3[m" will jump to the start of the class.

    						*[#*
    [#			go to [count] previous unmatched "#if" or "#else".
    			{not in Vi}

    						*]#*
    ]#			go to [count] next unmatched "#else" or "#endif".  {not
    			in Vi}

    These two commands work in C programs that contain #if/#else/#endif
    constructs.  It brings you to the start or end of the #if/#else/#endif where
    the current line is included.  You can then use "%" to go to the matching line.

    						*[star* *[/*
    [*  or  [/		go to [count] previous start of a C comment "/*".  {not
    			in Vi}

    						*]star* *]/*
    ]*  or  ]/		go to [count] next end of a C comment "*/".  {not
    			in Vi}

    						*H*
    H			To line [count] from top (Home) of screen (default:
    			first line on the screen) on the first non-blank
    			character (linewise).  See also 'startofline' option.
    			Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option.

    						*M*
    M			To Middle line of screen, on the first non-blank
    			character (linewise).  See also 'startofline' option.

    						*L*
    L			To line [count] from bottom of screen (default: Last
    			line on the screen) on the first non-blank character
    			(linewise).  See also 'startofline' option.
    			Cursor is adjusted for 'scrolloff' option.

    <LeftMouse>		Moves to the position on the screen where the mouse
    			click is (inclusive).  See also |<LeftMouse>|.  If the
    			position is in a status line, that window is made the
    			active window and the cursor is not moved.  {not in Vi}

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